Website van Alex Reuneker over taal, hardlopen, wielrennen en reizen

The Evenings, day 10: 31 December 1946/2025

Today is the last day of the year, and with that, the last day of reading The Evenings. The novel is famous for a number of reasons, but one of them must be one of its last sentences, which, in the Dutch original, goes as follows.

'Alles is voorbij', fluisterde hij, 'het is overgegaan. Het jaar is er niet meer. Konijn, ik ben levend. Ik adem, en ik beweeg, dus ik leef. Is dat duidelijk? Welke beproevingen ook komen, ik leef.' Hij zoog de borst vol adem en stapte in bed. 'Het is gezien', mompelde hij, 'het is niet onopgemerkt gebleven.'

The key sentence here is '"Het is gezien", mompelde hij, "het is niet onopgemerkt gebleven."'

The last sentences in Gerard Reve's De Avonden

The last sentences in Gerard Reve's De Avonden

How is this famous, quite poetic sentence translated? Let's look at the English translation below.

'Everything is finished,' he whispered, 'it has passed. The year is no more. Rabbit, I am alive. I breathe, and I move, so I live. Is that clear? Whatever ordeals are yet to come, I am alive.' Drawing his lungs full of air, he climbed into bed. 'It has been seen,' he murmured, 'it has not gone unnoticed.' He stretched himself out and fell into a deep sleep.

'It has been seen,' he murmured, 'it has not gone unnoticed' – a quite literal, but very fitting translation. As in the original, it captures, I think, Frits' fear of (his) life being aimless, purposeless, and of leaving no lasting mark on history.

Unfortunatly, we didn't even touch on the debacle of Frits' mother buying wine that turns out to be berry-apple juice, which Frits doesn't seem to be able to let go. Nor did we go into the non-translation of oliebol. Although there are translations like Dutch doughnut available, the translator chose to leave the word as is – 'His mother came in with a plate of oliebollen.' – probably to stress how typically Dutch the snack is. (This is not to say that the oliebol or oliekoek originated in The Nethelands. See this Dutch newspaper article, for instance.)

Let's end this year's reading of The Evenings anyway. I had a lot of fun reading the English translation this year. Now there's 355 days left to decide on next year's version or translation. But first: champagne and oliebollen! Have a very nice New Year's Eve!

The Evenings, day 9: 30 December 1946/2025

Day nine, the penultimate chapter of The Evenings! What is the chapter about? Well, we'd have to read the chapter to answer that question, of course, and I will do just that this afternoon, but we can already get a grasp by doing another keyword analysis. We'll approach the analysis a bit different, however, as we will not use the British National Corpus as a reference, like we did on day three, but we'll compare today's chapter to the rest of the book, so chapter 1 to 8 and chapter 10. That way, we're sure we'll make a fair comparison, and atop that, we will not have the problem of (Dutch) names dominating the list of keywords.

If we leave all default options on in the Keyword Analysis Tool, we get the following keywords for today.

Keywords in chapter 9 of The Evenings, including zero counts

Keywords in chapter 9 of The Evenings, including zero counts

Still, we see hoogkamp, a name, on first position, which is not unexpected, because Frits meets with him for the first time today. As Eduard Hoogkamp introduces himself by his surname ('the young man who had introduced himself as Hoogkamp'), this name is indicative of this chapter. It occurs thirty times, much more often than the other keywords in the list, such as chapel, cemetery, and, a personal favourite, hoopla. That last word is interesting, as the Dutch original reads 'hoepla, hoepla, hoeplala', but the English translation does not double the last syllable in the last repetition. It simply reads 'hoopla, hoopla, hoopla'.

But what about the fact that most keywords in the top 10 do not occur at all in the reference corpus? To those so-called 'zero counts', a frequency of 0.5 is assigned, which is the default solution in keyword analysis, but I have just added an option to the Keyword Analysis Tool to discard words from the results that do not occur in the reference corpus. Let's see what this does to the results.

Keywords in chapter 9 of The Evenings, excluding zero counts

Keywords in chapter 9 of The Evenings, excluding zero counts

Now we see hoogkamp has left, as it does not occur outside of today's chapter. Interestingly enough, the character by that name is referenced to again outside chapter 9, but only by his first name Eduard (see position 6 in the results). Other keywords that do occur in the rest of the novel, but are significantly more frequent in chapter 9 are bet, uncle, screen and funeral. Bet occurs five times and all on the same page, when Jaap tells the following anecdote, which always makes me laugh, as it is both funny and really inappropriate.

'Don’t let me forget to tell you about that bet,' Jaap said. 'Then,'' Frits continued, 'we have baldness as a result of a disease of the hair or the subcutaneous fat, and thirdly there is baldness due to old age. And if you ask me, I believe that yours is a case of number two: a hair disease.''

'Have you heard the one about the fellow who says to his friend: you’re not healthy, I bet you have anaemia?' Jaap asked. 'So he says: I bet you have anaemia. No, come on, the other fellow says. Sure as sure can be, the first one says, would you like to bet? They bet twenty-five guilders on it and the second fellow goes to the doctor for a check-up. The first one waits outside. After a while his friend comes out of the office, skipping and dancing”—he spread his arms as though taking flight — and he shouts: Ha! I won! I have stomach cancer!'

All in all, keyword analysis can provide some more quantitative insight, but the real fun is in reading, of course. So, have fun reading again today!

Dealing with 'zero counts' in keyword analysis

One problem with keyword analysis is that the target corpus will likely include words that do not occur in the reference corpus. In calculating various measures of keyness, this would result in a division by zero, which is mathematically impossible, as far as I know. The default way of dealing with this is to assign words that do not occur in the reference corpus a frequency of 0.5, but this introduces the risk of a result in which such keywords dominate the top positions, because their keyness is inflated.

To remedy this problem, I have added an option to the Keyword Analysis Tool which let's you choose to either go with the default of assigning a 0.5 frequency to 'zero counts', or to simply discard them from all calculations, resulting in keywords that have a minimal frequency of 1 in the reference corpus.

Dealing with 'zero counts' in the Keyword Analysis Tool

Dealing with 'zero counts' in the Keyword Analysis Tool

There is no real wrong or right way to do this, but at least now you have a choice. Have fun!

Oliebollencross 2025, Koplopers Delft

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Ook dit jaar deed ik mee aan de Oliebollencross in Delft. Door het flink drogere weer dit jaar verwachtte ik wat minder glibberen en glijden dan voorgaande jaren, maar zeker na een paar ronden is het parcours op bepaalde stukken toch altijd nog lekker zompig.

De Oliebollencross in Delft is een leuke, goed bezette wedstrijd die net als voorgaande jaren – geen 'graaiflatie' hier – bewijst dat sporten niet duur hoeft te zijn: 3 euro inschrijfgeld en dat is inclusief oliebol na afloop. Koffie erbij voor een euro. Fijn dat dat ook gewoon nog kan in 2025!

Voor de lange cross stonden er zo’n 180 mannen en vrouwen aan de start en het was, zoals bij elke cross, lekker dringen geblazen.

Oliebollencross in Delft, 2025

Oliebollencross in Delft, 2025

Omdat ik train voor de Zestig van Texel, liep ik de dag voor de cross een duurloop van 32 kilometer. Het was, ook qua planning thuis, gewoon niet anders. Ik had me daarom voorgenomen deze cross lekker ontspannen te lopen. Een cross is sowieso een goede krachttraining, maar bovenal leuk om te doen, zeker aan het einde van het jaar met een oliebol in het vooruitzicht. Ik voelde duidelijk mijn benen van de dag ervoor en al in het begin dacht ik 'dit is een prima tempo, harder hoeft het niet.' Die gedachte kon ik volhouden en ik heb nergens het gevoel gehad in het rood of zelfs maar oranje te lopen. Ik heb gewoon genoten van een mooie cross met leuke mensen.

De oliebol na afloop met Marlies, met wie ik bij de cross had afgesproken, smaakte goed. De jaren ervoor sloeg ik die altijd over en dat zal deels de eetstoornis zijn geweest, maar ik vond het ook wel een gedoetje om van de finish nog een kilometer terug naar het clubhuis te moeten. Ik ben blij dat we dat gisteren toch gedaan hebben, want het was erg gezellig en de eerste oliebol van het jaar, natuurlijk met rozijnen en poedersuiker, was heerlijk.

Uiteindelijk liep ik de lange cross (9,2 kilometer) in 38:51 en dat was vorig jaar, met een veel zwaarder (natter) parcours 38:03. Net als bij de Kustmarathon lukte het tijdens de wedstrijd prima om geen tijds- of positiedoelen te stellen, maar toch kwam ook nu achteraf gedachten op als 'het had wel harder gekund' en 'waarom heb je die en die niet ingehaald'. Geen helpende gedachten, maar wegdrukken werkt ook niet of zelfs averechts. Gewoon maar laten zo dus en nu lekker terugkijken op de mooie, sportieve jaarafsluiting die de Oliebollencross elke keer weer is.

The Evenings, day 8: 29 December 1946/2025

Today is day eight, on which Frits suffers from a hangover from the night before, in which ad fundum proved to be a favourite exclamation. Frits wakes up 'with a mouth dry as cork' and takes upon himself to get out of bed, wash up and be done with it, but he falls asleep again. Given Frits' hangover, let's take it easy today and look briefly at a little comparison between Reve's The Evenings and the American coming-of-age novel The Catcher in the Rye by J.D. Salinger, with which Reves novel is sometimes compared. It won't be a detailed comparison, but just some quick linguistic/lexical facts.

The Catcher in the Rye

The Catcher in the Rye (image by Britannica.com)

The Evenings consists of 92.680 words, of which 7.017 are unique, resulting in a type-token-ratio of 0.08. (Again, you can use the Lexical Diversity Calculator to calculate these and more figures yourself.) The Catcher in the Rye is a bit shorter, with 73.629 words of which 4.511 are unique, providing us with a type-token-ratio of 0.06. The mean word lenght in the former novel is 4.11 letters, in the latter it is 3.90. The average sentence length in The Evenings of 10.38 words is however lower than that of the The Catcher in the Rye with 11.03 words. Interestingly, using the Lempel-Ziv-Welch algorithm (Welch, 1984), we see identical compression rates, namely 0.81 on a scale from 0 (no repetition) to 1 (maximum repetition), meaning both novels contain an equal amount of repetition.

Have fun reading today (and go a bit easy on Frits...).

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